The Vietnamese word "nồng nặc" describes a very strong and often unpleasant smell. It is commonly used to describe odors that are overwhelming, such as a strong perfume, smoke, or bad smells like rotten food.
In more advanced contexts, you might see "nồng nặc" used metaphorically to describe a situation or feeling that is overwhelming, not just in terms of smell but also emotions or atmospheres.
While "nồng nặc" typically refers to smells, it can also be used in a broader sense to describe anything that is pervasive or overwhelming in intensity, such as emotions or experiences.